Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

The Human Development Index (HDI)  is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices measuring achievements in each dimension.

Expected years of schooling  Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates were to stay the same throughout the child’s life.

Mean years of schooling  Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older in their lifetime based on education attainment levels of the population converted into years of schooling based on theoretical durations of each level of education attended.

The KOF Index of Globalization  covers the economic, social and political dimensions of globalization and is the weighted average value of standardized twenty-three indicators. Globalization is conceptualized as a process that erodes national boundaries, integrates national economies, cultures, technologies and governance and produces complex relations of mutual interdependence. economic globalization, characterized as long distance flows of goods, capital and services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges; political globalization, characterized by a diffusion of government policies; and social globalization, expressed as the spread of ideas, information, images and people

Global Competitiveness Index 4.0(GCI 4.0)  assess national competitiveness by measuring a country's Infrastructure, policy, factors that determine productivity and other aspects. GCI system consists of three layers: The first level includes four plates of Enabling environment, Markets, Human capital and Innovation ecosystem; The second level is the competitiveness of 12 major "pillars", including Institutions; Infrastructure; ICT adoption; Macroeconomic stability; Health; Skills; Product market; Labour market; Financial system; Market size; Business dynamism; and Innovation capability; The third level is the specific indicators.

Happiness Index  is a summary measure the degree of happiness of a country. It is designed and published by UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the Earth Institute at Columbia University from 2012. The Happiness survey is based on the Gallup World Pull through six factors as the foundation and standard. The six factors are GDP per capita, healthy years of life expectancy, social support, generosity, perceived freedom to make life decisions, corruption in government and business. The Happiness Index is the weighted average of the above six factors, it is between 0-10. The bigger data shows the higher level happiness, the smaller shows the lower level happiness.

Global Innovation Index(GII)  evaluates a country’s economic innovation ability based on measuring innovation institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology outputs,  and creative outputs.